The Gods and Goddesses of the Indo-Europeans

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The
Gods & Goddesses
of the
Indo-Europeans

Some of the Gods, Goddesses and saints
of some of the varied peoples of the Indo-European world.
This includes, but is not limited to, the Celtic peoples.

[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [L - V]

Abandinus - British deity, known only from a shrine dedicated to him at Godmanchester in Cambridgeshire.

Abnoba - A divine huntress, worshipped in the Black Forest during the Romano-Celtic period.

Abarta - The Performer of Feats, Mischievous member of the Tuatha De Danaan. (Irish)

Aedh - Son of the God Bodh Dearg (Irish)

Aedh - One of the four children of Lir the Sea God, he was changed into a swan by his stepmother. (Irish)

Aericura - A Celto-Germanic Goddess, called variously Aericura and Herecura; a male counterpart, Aericurus is also recorded at Corbridge in Northumberland. Sometimes part of a divine partnership with the Dispater. A stone at Cannstatt depicts her as a Mother-Goddess seated on a throne, with a basket of fruit in her lap. Dispater being an underworld diety linked with a Mother Goddess may seem somewhat strange but, one must remember that mothers were closely associated with death and regeneration, as well as fertility and prosperity.

Agrona - British Goddess of Slaughter and cognate with the Morrigan.

Ai - Poet of the Tuatha De Danaan. (Irish)

Ailill - Rather like Achilles in Greek mythology, could be harmed by no weapon and yet had a weak spot and was slain by Art. One of many consecutive husbands taken by the queen-Goddess Medb of Connacht. (Irish)

Aillen - A malevolent otherworld creature that came out of the cave of Cruach each year at the feast of Samhain and burned down the royal residence at Tara. (Irish)

Aimend - A sun Goddess who was daughter of the king of Corco Loige. (Irish)

Aine - Goddess of Love and Fertility - Daughter of Eogabail, foster son of the sea God Manannan Mac Lir. Also identified with Anu, mother of the Gods as well as the Morrigan, Goddess of Battles. Many tales show her as having been worshipped as a Love Goddess on Midsummer Eve. (Irish)

Alator - He Who Nourishes The People. British God invoked primarily in his warrior capacity.

Alisanos- Gaulish God of Stones.

Allitio - possibly a god of the otherworld. Name is also that of a Gaulish potter name meaning all and other suggesting an otherworld God.

Amathaon - The son of Don. Seems to be a God of Agriculture. (Welsh)

Ancamna - A Gaulish Goddess who is known only from epigraphic dedications. She appears to have been a specifically Treveran deity, associated with the cult of the healer God Mars Lenus, whose divine partner she was. They were worshipped at Trier. She was also a divine partner of Mars Smertrius.

Andraste - Goddess of Victory, invoked by Boudica (Gaulish)

Anternociticus - Horned God. Celtic origin

Anu - The Mother Goddess. Sometimes given as Ana and also as Buanann 'The Lasting One', mother of all heros . Generally accepted as the same deity as Dana or Danu. Hence the Gods are the Tuatha De Danaan, Children of Dana. The Paps of Anu in Co Kerry are named for her. (Irish)

Aobh - Eldest daughter of Ailill of Aran and foster child to the Bodb Dearg. Chosen to be the wife of Ocean God Lir and had four children by him. (Irish)

Aoife - Another foster child of Bodb Dearg who married the Ocean God Lir and in a fit of jealousy over her sister's children she turned the children of Lir into swans for a duration of 900 years. (Irish)

Aonghus - The God of Love, son of Dagda and Boann. (Irish)

Aranrhod - Daughter of Don, sister of Gwydion. Mother of Lleu Llaw Gyffes. (Welsh)

Arawn - King of Annwn (The Otherworld) (Welsh)

Artaius - Gaulish God who the Romans identified as Mercury and seems to be a Pastoral deity.

Artio - Gaulish Goddess cognate with Art (Irish for Bear)

Badb/Badbh - Goddess of Death and Battles who is regarded as a triune deity: Badb, Nemain, and Macha meeting under the name the Morrigan. Badbh Cahth's name signifies a crow or a raven which is a constant Celtic symbol of the War Goddess. She was married to Net who appears as an even more shadowy War God. (Irish)

Balor of The Evil Eye/of The Baleful Eye - A God of Death and most formidable of the Fomorii. He lived on Tory Island. Grandfather of Lugh, In the battle of Magh Tuireadh Lugh Slays his Grandfather by taking out his eye with a slingshot. (Irish)

Banba/Banbha - A triune Goddess with Banba, Fotla, and Eire representing the sovranty and spirit of Ireland. She was the wife of Mac Cuill son of Ogma. An ancestor Goddess, in that she was the mother of Cesair, the leader of the first mythical invasion of Ireland, which occured before the flood. Her name is the symbol for 'Mother Ireland'. (Irish)

Barrex/Barrecis - Known only from one dedication found at Carlisle, name means Supreme?

Belatucadros - Warrior God equated with Mars. Possible horned God of the north. Cult confined mostly to Cumberland and Westmoreland. The name means 'Fair Shining One: or The Fair Slayer'. Invoked in Roman times. Essentially a War God. Celtic origin.

Belenus - Gaulish God cognate with Bel, Belinos, Beli and Bile in Ireland and Britain. A solar God, dispenser of light, and a healer.

Beli - husband of Don, he is the God of Death and a later form of Belenus. Corresponds to Bile of Ireland. Father of Lludd and Llefelys. Often called Beli Mawr, he is claimed as an ancestor deity from whom several royal lines of Wales claimed descent. (Welsh)

Bendigeidfran - Bran the Blessed, from the Second branch of the Mabinogi. Son of Llyr and brother of Branwen and Manawydan. For seven years after his death, his head remained alive, as a talisman, talking and encouraging his men.

Bergusia - Counterpart of a Celtic divine couple. Ucuetis and Bergusia were venerated at Alesia in Burgundy. They may have been divinities of Crafts.

Bile - God of the Dead, cognate with Bel and Belenus. Known as the 'Father of Gods and Men' and a husband to Dana. The Irish word 'bile' means 'Sacred Tree' (Irish)

Blodeuwedd - name means Flower Face, Wife of Lleu Llaw Gyffes, conjured for him by Gwydion and Math. (Welsh)

Boann - The Water Goddess and wife of Nechtan a Water God. The river Boyne is named for her because of a broken taboo against her husband, which left her to be drowned by the river as it rose to chase her for her disobedience. Her name means 'She of the White Cattle'. In another tale, Dagda has an affair with her and she bears him a son. The son of Boann and Dagda is the God of Love, Aonghus Og (Irish)

Bodb Dearg - Bodb the Red, son of the Dagda who succeeded him as a ruler of the Gods. (Irish)

Bolgois - Warrior and protector God

Borvo/Bormo/Bormanus - The name means 'bubbling water'. God of Healing Springs. Gaulish deity associated with thermal waters. He is represented with a female companion, Damona 'Divine Cow'.

Bran - Son of Lir and brother of Manannan and a god of the Otherworld, cognate with Bran the son of Llyr in Welsh myth.(see Bendigeidfran above) (Welsh)

Bran the Blessed - Son of Llyr, Ruler of the island of the Mighty. (see above0 (Welsh).

Branwen - Daughter of Llyr, sister of Bran and Manawydan. One of the 3 chief ladies (or matriarchs) in the land and the most beautiful woman in the world.(Welsh)

Braciaca - God of Intoxication? God of Malt? Very little known but the name points to intoxication by malt beverage. Celtic Origin.

Bregon - A son of Milesius, sometimes recorded as father of Bile and Ith. (Irish)

Brennos - Warrior and protector God

Bres - 'The Beautiful' (1) A De Danaan who was killed in the first battle of Magh Tuireadh.
(2) A son of the Fomorii's Balor
(3) Son of Elatha the Fomorii King who marries Brigid the Goddess of Fertility.
He appears to be an agricultural deity. (Irish)

Brian - Son of the Goddess Brigid. (Irish)

Bricta - The female companion of Luxovius, God of the Spring at Luxeuil. It has been suggested that Bricta is linked with the Goddess Brighid.

Brigantia - Goddess of the Brigantes, 'The High One', cognate with the Goddess Brigid who is regarded as one of the principal Celtic Goddesses. (Britain)

Brigid/Brighid/Brigit - 'Exalted One'. A triune Goddess who appears as a Goddess of Healing, a Goddess of Smiths, and , more popularly, a Goddess of Fertility and Poetry. Cognate with Brigantia, she is the daughter of the Dagda. Wife of Bres, half Fomorii ruler of the De Danaan. She had 3 sons by Tuireann. In many tales she appears to be the counterpart of Dana, Mother of the Gods. The Festival of Imbolc was sacred to her. (Irish)

Cailleach Beara - Old Woman or Hag of Beara. She originally appeard as a triune Goddess with Cailleach Bolus and Cailleach Corca Duibhne. Also known as Cailleach Bui, wife of Lugh, the God of the Arts and Crafts. (Irish)

Camulos - Associated with Mars, a Warrior God of Gaulish origin. His name is generally only found in strict military context . Associated with Remi in Gaul where again he would be equated with Mars.

Caradawc - Son of Bran. (Welsh)

Caswallon - Son of Beli. (Welsh)

Cathubodba - An inscription in Gaul thought to be to the Goddess Badb Catha 'War Fury'.

Ceridwen - Welsh Goddess, Wife of Tegid Foel and mother of Afagddu. She gave birth to the poet Taliesin.

Cernunnos - Gaulish horned god. Lord of animals, fertility, abundance and regeneration. 'The Horned One' or 'Peaked One' Thought to be a direct import from Gaul because traces of his cult are largely confined to areas of Belgic settlement. Sometimes equated with Dis Pater and therefore the Dagda in Irish myth.

Cian - Son of Dian Cecht The God of Medicine. (Irish)

Cliodhna - Goddess of Beauty. A Goddess of the Irish Otherworld. She took the form of a most beautiful woman: She possesed 3 magical birds decked in bright plumage, which ate from the apples of the Otherworld tree. The birds could utter such sweet music that the sick would be lulled to sleep and healed. (Irish)

Clud - British Goddess that gave her name to the Clyde. Also Clota and Clwyd.

Cocidius - Warrior God, God of Soldiers, The Red One (God of slaughter) also equated with Mars in the west and Silvanus in more easterly regions. Possible horned God of the north. Also thought to be a God of the forest in the protective roll. North British God.

Conall Cernach - Great warrior-ancestor (Celtic)

Condatis - God of the Watersmeet. Gaulish God of Confluence. British God of the watersmeet or confluence. Deity linked with thermal waters and War. Seems to be a local God found in the Tyne basin of the Tees. His Celtic name implies a water symbolism, perhaps even evocative of healing.

Conlai - Son of Cuchulainn and Aoife. (Irish)

Conn - Son of Lir. (Irish)

Corotiacus - Another native God invoked at Martlesham, Suffolk.

Coventina - She seems to have been a Goddess of healing and due to the number of pins found in her sanctuary (water pool), it seems that she offered women a safe childbirth. She is a British Goddess but she was known in Gaul and in Spain. Other names for her are 'Augusta' and 'Sancta'.

Crom Cruach - A golden idol worshipped by Tigernmas (Lord of Death) on Magh Slecht (Plain of Adoration) where human sacrifices were offered. (Irish)

Cruithne - The progenitor of the Tuatha Cruithne or the Picts.

Cuchulainn - originally named Setanta he became known as the 'Hound of Culann'. Son of Lugh Lamhfada 'Lugh the Long Hand', God of the Arts and Crafts. Cu Chulainn was well loved by the Morrigan but thwarted her affections, she eventually foretold of his death as she appeared to him as 'The Washer at the Ford', washing the blood from his clothes prior to his last battle.(Irish)

Culann - Manannan Mac Lir in human form, a smith who forged Conchobhar's weapons. (Irish)

Da Choc/ Da Coca - Irish deity comparable with the north British God.

Da Derga - He is the God of the Dead, the same being as Donn in fact. Only the dead or those destined to die can enter his house. Da Derga's Hostel. Derga means 'red', such would be the association with blood and death.

Dagda (De Dagda / In Daghdha) - The Good God, Lord of Great Knowledge, The All Father Ruad Rofhessa or The Red One of Great Knowledge, Eochaid Ollathair or Eochaid The Great Father, the name Eochaid being derived from ech for 'horse'. He was portrayed as wearing a brown low-necked tunic which just reached his hips and a hooded cape that barely covered his shoulders. On his feet were horse-hide boots. Behind him he pulled his eight pronged war club on a wheel, one end of the club killed the living and the other end revived the dead, and when it was dragged behind him it left a track as deep as the boundary ditch between two provinces. Mate of Boann which makes their pairing that of, Mother Goddess and Tribal God. The Dagda was the Gaelic God of the earth, heavens, and magic amongst others. He had a harp called Uaithne made of oak which - when he played it - put the seasons in their order, so that spring came after winter, summer after spring and autumn followed summer. This harp would magically float through the air to him when he called it. He also had a magic cauldron called the Undry which supplied unlimited food. (Irish)

Daireann - Daughter of the Bodb Dearg and sister of Sadb. She became Fionn's lover and gave birth to his son Oisin. (Irish)

Damona - Gaulish Goddess, 'Great' or 'The Divine Cow'. Seen as a fertility and healer Goddess. She had several God Companions such as Apollo Moritasgus and a related deity Borvo or Bormo (a water God), and Abilllus of Arnay-le-Duc.

Dana - Sometimes given as Danu and cognate with Anu, in Welsh as Don, Mother Goddess from the Tuatha De Danaan. Danu and Anu may have been seperate deities as Anu was specifically connected with the fertility of Ireland, and Danu was the mother of the Tuatha De. (Irish)

Dea Arduinna - Gaulish, she may be cognate with Flidhais, who ruled over the beasts of the forest and herded wild deer.

Dea Nutrix - 'Nursing Goddess' from the latin, used to describe a Celtic Mother Goddess in western Europe. Also known to have been called by the name Aveta.

Dechtire - Grandaughter of Aonghus Og and Mother of Cuchulainn. (Irish)

Diancecht - God of Healing and the toreutic arts, God of Medicine. (Irish)

Diarmuid - Grandson of Aonghus Og. (Irish)

Domnu - Goddess of the Fomorii. Name means 'Abyss of the Sea'. She appears to be a mother Goddess and ancestor of all the Fomorii. (Irish)

Don - Welsh equivalent of Danu 'Mother Goddess'

Donn - God of the Dead (House of Donn). Eldest son of Midir the Proud. (see Da Derga) (Irish)

Donn of Culnge - The Brown One of Culnge. A great bull of probable divine origin. His bull is form is the culmination of many transformations undergone since he was a divine swineherd. In bull form he retained human reason and understanding. His very lowing would put all the cows in calf, emphasising his great powers of fecundity, of importance in a stock raising community. Supernatural bull, protector of warriors, averter of evil from the province, provider of magical music, ensuring the reproductive powers of the herds. A Horned God. (Irish)

Dunatis - Gaulish God of the Fortified Place.

Dylan Eli Ton - Sea, Son of the Wave. Yellow haired son to Aranrhod and twin to Lleu. (Welsh)

Efnisien - Half brother of Bran, Branwen, and Manawydan, the Children of Llyr. (Welsh)

Eire - The Goddess who gave her name to Ireland. Wife of Mac Greine, Son of ogma. (Irish)

Eirinn - Given as the mother of the triune Goddess of Sovreignity, Eire, Banba, and Fotla. (Irish)

Elatha - Father or Bres. He was a Fomorii king and the son Bres became the King of the De Danaan. (Irish)

Elcmar - Husband of Boann. (Irish)

Epona - Horse Goddess/Warrior Goddess. 'Divine Horse' appears in the company of Mars in Gaul and was much invoked by the soldiers. Clearly connected with fecundity and maternity. Appears in the company of Mother Goddesses in Gaul. The only Celtic deity known to be worshipped in Rome. She was also worshipped in Britian, Yugoslavia, and North Africa.(Gaulish)

Eriu - An earth Mother Goddess who is identified with the land of Ireland. One of 3 eponymous Goddesses of Ireland - Banbha, Fodla and Eriu. She was a Solar deity, the sun was a golden cup filled with red wine which Eriu as a goddess of the land, hands to successive mortal kings of Ireland to signify their marriage and the fertility of the country. She was the wife of the God Mac Grene (his name reflects his solar role). Her name was given to Ireland, hence Eire, Eriu.

Esus - Meaning 'Lord' or 'Good Master'. A Gaulish God. According to the Romans, sacrifices were made to Esus, the victims being suspended from trees and ritually wounded.

Etain - Daughter or wife of Aonghus Og, the God of Love. She fulfills the role of a Goddess of Sovereignty in her marriage to him.(Irish)

Ethlinn - Daughter of Balor of The Evil Eye. (Irish)

Ever Living Ones, The - A synonym for the Gods of the Tuatha De Danaan. (Irish)

Fagus - (Gaul) God of Beech trees.

Fand - Wife of Sea God Manannan Mac Lir. (Irish)

Feradach Fechtnach - Feradach the Fortunate (hero) possible God. Mentioned in the Dindshenchas and the Tain Bo Cualnge as horned one.

Ferghus mac Roich - Mythical Heroic figure. Husband of Fliadais, Goddess of Deer and Cattle, it was said that apart from Medb, she was the only woman that could satisfy his insatiable appetite for sex. Ferghus was the king of Ulster before Conchobar, he was also lover of Nessa, Conchobar's mother. He made Conchobar king at his mothers request for the period of a year and the people so liked Conchobar, that he remained so with Ferghus's blessing. Later, disgusted by Conchobars conduct over Deirdre and Naoise, the defects to Queen Medb's kingdom during a well known battle within the tales, the Tain Bo Cuailnge (The Cattle Raid of Cooley).

Fideal - (Scotland) A Water Demon, Fideal was one of those seductive maidens who, after luring their lovers into the water, dragged them under to drown.

Finchoem - (Irish) Finchoem was one of those goddesses of mythology that conceived in an "unusual" way. She swallowed a worm from a magic well, hoping she would bear a hero. She did; his name was Conall, a prominent stalwart in Irish heroic legend.

Findbhair - 'Fair Eyebrows', daugter of Ailill and Medb. (Irish)

Fionbharr - De Danaan assigned to the sidhe of Meadha, took part in the war between Midir and the Bodb Dearg. (Irish)

Flidais - (Irish) The stag-mistress who roamed the earth in a chariot drawn by supernatural deer. She possessed a cow whose milk supplied thirty people a day. She called the wild creatures of the countryside her cattle. Flidais had a daughter named Fland who was a lake maiden who sat beneath her waters and lured mortals to herself, and to death.

Fodla - One of 3 eponymous Goddesses of Ireland - Banbha, Fodla and Eriu. Each of the three extracted a promise from the Milesians that the island would bear their name. In the end, Ireland (Eire) was named for Eriu.

Fomorii - The Dwellers Under The Sea. A mishapen and violent people who are the evil Gods of Irish myth and whose center appears to be Troy Island. (Irish)

Fortuna - Roman Goddess of Luck, Chance and Fortune. Rosmerta and Mercury are accompanied by Fortuna at Gloucester, and on a stone at Glanum in Provence. Rosmerta is a Goddess of Prosperity. Fortuna's wheel may link her with the Celtic Sun-God whose solar symbol was the wheel.

Gaiar - Son of Manannan Mac Lir. (Irish)

Gebann - Father of Cliodna, Irish Goddess of Beauty. (Irish)

The Genii Cucullati - The Hooded Deities,triplicity aspect, associated with fertility and healing, May have had direct connections with the war God in his healing capacity.

Geofon - (Britain) She was the ocean goddess.

Gilfaethwy - Son of Don. (Welsh)

Glanis - Eponymous spirit of the Sacred springs in the town of Glanum in Provence. Then there was the Glanicae, a triad of local Mother Goddesses associated with healing springs.

Gluneu - Son of Taran (Welsh)

Gofannon - Son of Don, his name resembles the Irish Gobhniu. (Welsh)

Goibniu - The Divine Smith. Smith God, Founder of Artistry and Handicraft. He could make a sword or spear by 3 blows of his hammer. Fashions weapons for the otherworld Gods and presides over the otherworld feast. Also thought to be the same as Luchta and Creidhne, Luchta being the wright and Creidhne the metalworker. Each God make a different part of the weapons for Lugh durin the Second battle of Magh Tuiredh. (Irish)

Goidel - Progenitor of the Goidelic or Gaelic Celts (Irish, Manx, and Scots). Son of Niul and Scota.

Goleuddydd - (Wales) A Welsh princess who married a prince but remained barren. When she finally became pregnant, she "lost it" and refused to live indoors. She went into the forest and hid from everyone. When her time came to give birth, however, she regained her sanity. She found herself in a swineherd's yard, where she bore a son, was aptly named Culhwch (pig). This folktale is really about an ancient sow goddess of fertility.

Govannon - (Wales) God of smiths and metalworkers. The weapons he makes are deadly in their aim, the armor unfailing in its protection. Those who drink from his sacred cup need no longer fear old age and infirmity.

Grannos - Gaulish Son God and God of Healing. Grannos could be cognate with the word for Sun - grian.

Grian - A solar female deity (Irish). She is believed by some to be a twin of Aine, another sun goddess.

Grianainech - Synonym for the God Ogma, meaning 'Sunny Countenance'. (Irish)

Gwawl - 'Light', son of the Goddess Clud. (Welsh)

Gwern - Son of Branwen, daughter of Llyr and of Matholwch of Ireland. (Welsh)

Gwyar - (Wales) The wife of the god of heaven.

Gwydion - Son of Don. Referred to as the best storyteller in the world. He appears to be the father of his sister Aranrhod's son, Lleu Llaw Gyffes. (Welsh)

Gwyllion - (Wales) A spirit of the mountains. She was so ill-tempered that she always gave travelers the wrong directions.

Gwyn ap Nudd - (Wales) Gwyn ap Nudd is the Lord of the Underworld and master of the wild hunt.

Hammer-God - An important and popular Celtic divinity: his images appear on more than 200 stone monuments. Sucellus 'The Good Striker' would be one of many of the Hammer Gods.

Hefydd Hen - Father of Rhiannon. Hen signifies 'Ancient'. (Welsh)

Hercules - Graco-Roman divine hero. Hercules is also linked in name to a number of Celtic deities in surname or epithets. Most popular was Hercules Magusanus in north-eastern Gaul.

Ialonus - Gaulish God of Cultivated Fields or Clearings. He could also be the God of the Glade, since 'ialo' means 'glade'. In Britain he was called Ialonus Contrebis which means 'He who dwells among us'.

Ianuaria - A Gaulish Goddess who seems to be a Goddess of Music along with her consort Apollo.

Ibath - Son of Beothach a Nemedian. Said to be an ancestor of the Tuatha De Danaan. (Irish)

Icovellauna - A Gaulish Goddess who seems to be associated with water due to her name 'ico' which can mean 'water'. She presided over the sacred healing spring of Sablon.

Ilberg - Son of the Sea God Manannan Mac Lir. (Irish)

Ildanach - A title bestowed on Lugh Lamhfada When he presented himself at the court of Nuada. It means 'The All-Craftsman' (Irish)

Inciona - The female partner of a divine couple, Veraudinus and Inciona were worshipped only in one place, at Widdenberg in Luxembourg.

Indech - A Fomorii warrior and son of the Goddess Domnu. (Irish)

Iovantucarus - The name by which the great Treveran healer-God 'Lenus', was invoked at his important sanctuary at Trier.

Irnan - One of 3 sorceress daughters of Conaran the De Danaan. (Irish)

Iunones - The triple Mothers of the Celtic world derived from the Roman concept of Iuno the essential spirit of the female, just as Genius was the essence of a male being. Iuno itself dervies from the Goddess Iuno or Juno, wife of Jupiter.

Jupiter - Roman Sky God. He was adopted by the Celts, not only as a Sun God but also as a high Mountain deity; As such as he was given a number of local territorial epithets or surnames in the Celtic world, of which the most important follow:

Jupiter Beissirissa, given in Gaus at Cadeac, among the Bigerriones tribe.
Jupiter Brixianus, Cisalpine Gaul.
Jupiter Ladicus, the spirit of Mount Ladicus in north-west Spain.
Jupiter Parthinus, also known as Partinus on the borders of north-east Dalmatia(Yugoslavia) and Upper Moesia (Bulgaria).
Jupiter Poeninus, was worshipped in the Alps around the Great St. Bernard Pass.
Jupiter Taranis (see Taranis/Taranus)
Jupiter Uxellinus, a High Mountain God in Austria. The name may indicate supremacy.

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